in this howto I'd like to explain how to do backups of your files onto a samba share.
I will show you how to do this free, without the use of some programs you have to pay for. Instead I created a shell script to do this for you.
- first of all, you need to have access to a samba share in your network. I hope you can figure how to do that on your own
- now open your Terminal.app (/Applications/Utilities/Terminal.app)
type in this commands (enter your admin password when prompted for it)
Code:
sudo touch /usr/bin/mount
sudo chmod +x /usr/bin/mount
sudo pico /usr/bin/mount
this will create a file, make it executable and open a text editor for you to edit it
next, paste this into terminal while your pico editor is opened (command+c / command+v)
Code:
#! /bin/sh
# a script to make backups onto a samba share
# created and tested on MAC OS X 10.3
#
# Author: Racer D <racer.d@email.si>
# Date: 2004-05-24
#
# ----- variables
# where you would like to mount the shared drive
mount_point=/Volumes/share
# //username:password@server/share_name
filesystem=//user:pass@192.168.1.1/share
# where your files are at
# must be full path (don't use ~ for home)
local_dir=/Users/user/test
# the same as local_dir but with \ infront of every /
# also there has to be \/ at the end
local_dir2="\/Users\/racer\/test\/"
# in what direcotry under remote_dir would you like to keep backups
backup_dir=backup
# ---------------
remote_dir=$mount_point/$backup_dir
# uncomment if you want to do a full backup (not just files changed from last backup)
# rm ~/Library/last_backup
# making sure share is mounted, else mounting it
if test -d $mount_point
then
mounted=no
echo share already mounted.
else
mounted=yes
echo mounting share...
mkdir -v $mount_point
mount_smbfs $filesystem $mount_point
fi
# create all necessary folders
echo creating necessary folders...
if ( ! test -d "$remote_dir" )
then
mkdir "$remote_dir"
fi
if ( test -f ~/Library/last_backup )
then
find -x $local_dir -type d -mindepth 1 -newer ~/Library/last_backup -print | sed s/$local_dir2// > ~/Library/backup_folders
else
find -x $local_dir -type d -mindepth 1 -print | sed s/$local_dir2// > ~/Library/backup_folders
fi
file=~/Library/backup_folders
while read line
do
if ( ! test -d "$remote_dir/$line" )
then
mkdir -v "$remote_dir/$line"
fi
done < $file
rm ~/Library/backup_folders
# listing all files to backup
# if backup done before, list only files changed from last backup
# else list all files
echo listing files to backup...
if ( test -f ~/Library/last_backup )
then
find -x $local_dir -type f -newer ~/Library/last_backup -print | sed s/$local_dir2// > ~/Library/backup_files
else
find -x $local_dir -type f -print | sed s/$local_dir2// > ~/Library/backup_files
fi
# update the date when script was last run
# this creates a file named "last_backup" in your Library.
# Don't delete this file
echo updating last run date...
date > ~/Library/last_backup
# copy the files
echo copying the files...
file=~/Library/backup_files
while read line
do
cp -vf "$local_dir/$line" "$remote_dir/$line"
done < $file
rm ~/Library/backup_files
# unmount the share if mounted before
if [ "$mounted" = yes ]
then
echo unmounting share...
umount $mount_point
rm -rf $mount_point
fi
echo backup done. now edit the "variables" part to suit your needs.
press "ctrl + x" and then enter to save the file.
your basic backup script is now ready. type backup in terminal to backup your files.
what it does it is:
- first it checks if your samba share is mounted, else it mounts it
- then it finds all files that have been changed since the script was last run
- it copies all the changed files to your samba share.
- finally it removes all the temporary files and unmounts the share if it had to mount it before
+ it puts a file "last_backup" in your Library, which tells when the backup was last made. Do not delete this file unless you wish to do a full backup
* it does NOT though remove files on your share that do not exist in the original direcory anymore [anyone who knows how to do this, please post your suggestions]
- now, if you want the backups to be made automatically, you have to do this:
again, in your terminal, enter this command
to make the backups happen every day at 5 AM, do this:
press "i". now type (or just paste) this line in
Code:
0 5 * * * /usr/bin/backup
now press escape, type ":wq" end hit enter
(see here for more info on how to automate your backups)
This should be all, now just wait till 5 AM and have your backups made
post any questions & suggestions to the script or the tutorial you might have
use at your own risk...
It worked for me, but I cannot guarantee it will work for you too.
--- script updated 24. 5. 04 (minor bugs) ---
May 23rd, 2004, 01:52 PM
