I was having this exact same problem. I couldn't find an answer anywhere, but after digging through all of my settings, I found that "Mouse Keys" was stuck on.
Go to System Preferences -> Universal Access -> Mouse -> Mouse Keys. If it is set to on, then using the number pad will attempt to move the mouse around. Set it to off to get your number pad back.
I don't know why this was causing the pointer to stop functioning properly until you relaunch the finder.
I hope this helps!