As far as I know, the pin layout for a 2.5" drive is different from a 3.5" drive, but it should work with an adaptor. So far all I can find on Google are adaptors to connect a 2.5" drive to a 3.5" cable, not the other way around, as I suspect you need.
Edit: It looks as though that adaptor isn't specifically for 2.5" hard drives. It's an adaptor with one ATA/100 bus, 40 pin, for 3.5" hard drives, and an included 2.5" hard drive (an actual drive, not a connector) on the card itself. Strange! So yeah, it looks like you can use a 3.5" hard drive!