Weird...Chevrolet (GM) has supported CD-Rs in their vehicles (stock CD radios) since the mid nineties, so it shouldn't be your CD player. However, most of their vehicles didn't support MP3 based discs until late 2002 and 2003. Some of the 'entry level' models still don't. Open iTunes, then go to Preferences/Burning and make sure it's set to use Audio CD and not MP3 CD.
Does your Vette have the standard radio or the upgraded version? Have you ever cleaned the CD unit? Have you tried using a different manufacturer's CD-R?
I've never had an issue with one made from iTunes (4.0 and all versions higher) in any of my vehicles or in friend's/family's vehicles.
98 Chevy Blazer LT (mine, 137K miles on the odometer, been using CD-Rs whole time), 99 Blazer LS (rental), 03 Chevy Silverado SS (brothers), 95 Chevy K-1500 LS (brothers, sold since).