Clicking on the 'Finder' icon on the 'Dock' will launch (open, run) 'Finder' if it was (somehow) quitted; or, will display a sub-menu of any 'opened' 'Finder' windows. Nothing else.
To navigate about the boot drive, via the 'Dock' do the following:
01. Drag the icon of the upper right 'Desktop' icon (the boot drive), and / or any other disk, disc, or folder, onto the lower portion of the 'Dock' (above, not on, the trash can).
Now, you can right button click - for an immediate sub-menu appearance; or left button click - for a delay sub-menu appearance. You may now navigate (almost ..., see below for the
shortcoming) through the folders of the hard disk drive.
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Apple Computer Inc's 'Finder'
shortcoming (after, its inability to allow for new folders to be in 'List View' [and those set to 'List View' to stay that way!, etc.]):
There is only one problem with the above 'Dock' based access to your hard disk drive(s). Someone (expletives omitted) limited the number of listed items (of the sub-menus) to around 199. Yes, you will see only the first 199 (or so) items of each folder you visit. To see all of the items of the folder - release the mouse button when a folder's name is selected and the folder will be opened.
Other ways to navigate your hard disk drive(s), without 'Finder's
shortcoming, are via '
XMenu' (freeware), '
FinderPop' (donation ware), and '
MaxMenus' (shareware) - to name but a few.